Pros Of Cell Phones At School - 755 Words

Cirelli, Cheryl. â€Å"Pros of cell phones in school.† Retrieved from http://cellphones.Lovetoknow.co Cheryl Cirelli’s â€Å"Pros of cell phones in school† is an excellent resource for debating in favor of cellphones in school. It offers examples and evidence to the topic of cellphones in the classroom. Cirelli explains that cellphones are not only an instant form of communication, but also a learning aid. In addition, cellphones can be used as a collaboration tool for group projects. Overall, she supports the idea of cellphones at school and backs up her argument with evidence. The debate of cellphones at school is an extremely controversial issue. This article supports a specific side of the argument and helps dispute the issue. Jones, Regina.†¦show more content†¦The distraction caused by cell phones are different in every classroom, it is the teacher s job to regulate the cell phone usage to maximize the amount of learning that takes place. This article relates to the opposing side of the argument. The article provides a real-life example and informs the reader in a different method about how cell phones do not belong in schools. McDonald, Sylvia. (2013). â€Å"The effects and predictor value of in-class texting behavior on final course grades†. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0sid Sylvia McDonald’s â€Å"The effects and predictor value of in-class texting behavior on final course grades† discusses the negative correlation between cell phone use in schools and final grades through research, examples, and charts. McDonald states that while cell phones can be an excellent form of communication, they can oftentimes be a very big distraction. Studies were given to further support the argument. The researchers conducted a study that included three different colleges, all with different cell phone policies. The results of the study were very self evident. The study showed a negative correlation between the cell phone policy and the test average. The college with the most lenient policy tended to have the lowest test score. Overall, the author explains the relevan ce of cell phone use and how much of aShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Cell Phones in Schools626 Words   |  3 Pages of their calls on a wireless phone. The increase in cell phone usage has expanded into our children’s schools. Many children in today’s society carry a cell phone on their person to school. This increase of usage and change of demographic has created a debate in many schools. Read more: Pros Cons of Cell Phones in Schools | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5393195_pros-cons-cell-phones-schools.html#ixzz29NbPSPub School Emergencies The increase of school shootings and threats has encouragedRead MorePros And Cons Of Cell Phones In School1036 Words   |  5 PagesIn each school there are absurd rules; ours by far has the most. Ok I get it, the staff is trying to us learn with a cleaner environment, but they have to be able to understand that phones CAN help you learn! Phones give us opportunities to hold many useful things such as calculators, passwords, and our schedules. I can see that they would want to take it away because it is â€Å"distracting†, but I honestly think that it is more distracting not having it then actually having it, now all we can thinkRead MoreCell Phones for Young People Useful or Distracting?1031 Words   |  5 Pages There has always been controversy as to whether texting and cell phone use can cause young people to be less likely to be able to concentrate and focus. As young citizens we have the right to be able to own a cell phone and not be criticized using it for educat ional reasons. Phones give you access to the internet, teach responsibility, and is an emergency access to contact parents; however it can cause cheating in class room areas by sharing answers, it can distract people from doing work in classRead MorePros And Cons Of Teenage Cell Phone Use1023 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 2014 Pros and Cons of Teenage Cell Phone Use Cell phones have become a major part of people’s lives. They are probably one of the biggest inventions when it comes to communication because of the many functions that they are capable of performing. The use of cell phones has become especially popular among teens as it is a major part of teenage social life. One source states that â€Å"22 percent of children ages 6 to 9 own a cell phone; 60 percent of tweens ages 10 to 14 own a phone, and 84 percentRead MoreCell Phones And Their Possession At School Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesCell phones in schools Researchers show in today’s society that there is a higher rate of students having cell phones at school than in prior years. There are many pros and cons to children having cell phones in their possession at school. According to Maya Cohen, a 2010 Pew Research Center found that 65 percent of cell owning teens bring their phones to school despite any bans that may be in place. It is up to the child to know the rules and regulations when carrying a phone at school, and it isRead MoreEssay on Cell Phone Use in Schools Should Not be Banned1401 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents be able to use cell phones during class periods? This is a question a lot of students and parents have asked themselves. The invention of cell phones started a debate for many schools. Many schools accept the use of cell phones but experience a lot of frustration over them. There are many reasons for and against the use of cell phones in schools. People who support cell phone use in schools are usually te enagers. People who disagree with cell phone use in schools are usually teachersRead MoreThe State Of The Teaching Profession Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesStandards affects teacher retention. Collectively, as a group, we decided on our three debate topics: teacher residency programs, teacher shortage related to mentorship, and the Common Core State standards. In relation to teacher residencies, I am pro teacher residency programs. When I started doing more research, I noticed these programs were becoming popular and were established as a way to help with teacher retention. Teacher residences are modeled after medical residency programs. The noviceRead MoreCell Phones Should Be Allowed in School802 Words   |  4 Pagesabout one another. You discover that you do not have a cell phone or any device to contact your parents. There won’t be any chance that you and your parents could contact each other. What would you do? How would you feel? It seems to me that if cell phones were allowed in schools, students could contact their parents easier and people could stay in touch. Therefore, cell phones should be allowed to be used in schools. For one, cell phones could provide students with academic help. According toRead MoreCell Phones Should Not Be Banned910 Words   |  4 PagesCell Phones Should be Allowed in School Seventy eight percent of 12-17 years old have cell phones as of a survey taken in 2013. Cell phones have boomed and its time to let them shine. Cell phones becoming a major part of peoples life’s. Cell phones are welcomed every where this days. There allowed in restaurants and hospitals, but one place they are not welcome are schools. Cell phones should allowed in schools. Cell phones are used by around third of the population. With teenagers being a very bigRead MoreShould Cell Phones Be Banned?979 Words   |  4 PagesCellphones in class By: Easton Stackis Have you ever wanted to use cellphones in school? Cell phones have many benefits and positive uses that help students during school a lot. Although cell phones can be distracting they should be allowed in school in case of an emergency, to teach responsibility, and to help in school like homework and research. Cell phones are very helpful in emergencies. With cell phones, parents know if their children alright in an emergency. Which takes a lot of stress

Alex Reine . Ms.Stroud. English Iii. 3/5/17. Book Summary.In

Alex Reine Ms.Stroud English III 3/5/17 Book Summary In Outliers, Gladwell attempts to answer, What makes some people successful while others cannot seem to realize their full potential? In U.S. society, people are considered successful when they have traits and characteristics: self-sacrifice, intelligence, talent. However, He says that the conditions and circumstances surrounding our lives are the significant influential factors that determine our success, not our inner ability or talent. These talents and abilities allow these people to be separate from society. Part One examines opportunity as a function of timing. Canadian hockey players born closer to the magic birthday of January 1 have advantages that compound over†¦show more content†¦Outliers as a total book describes how success can be achieved and how successful people make it. This passage uses speech that in turn describes how people are like trees and uses seeds to describe the way they are planted and made. The way people live their lives in turn gives a b etter future. The passage also talks how sunlight can help people grow and make a new life for everyone. Gladwell uses speech like this throughout his novel to show the contrast between people and plants and how life can be simple. We can bring to a new beginning and create our own future by uses the terms and object he uses in this book. To see how to live your life to the fullest we have to start by planting ourselves in good environments and use the advantages we have to the fullest. Vocab 1. compatriot a person from your own country 2. egalitarian favoring social equality 3. ethos the distinctive spirit of a culture or an era 4. quarry animal hunted or caught for food 5. array an impressive display 6. meritocracy a social system in which power goes to superior intellects 7. virtuoso someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field 8. menial used of unskilled work, especially domestic work 9. parentage the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents 10. patronage the business given to an establishment by its customers 11. algorithm a precise rule specifying how to solve some problem 12. innate present at birth but not necessarily hereditary 13. gawky

The Evolution of Racial Inequality Free Essays

Miranda Larrin History 105-14 March 13th 2013 The Evolution of Racial Inequality On a day to day basis, humans interact with one another, despite of their race or ethnic descent. However, that is not the way it has always been. Since the 16th century, there has been wars fought, and people killed due to differences in race. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Racial Inequality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Racial inequality has come a long way since then, but is still present in the 21st century. Most societies deny that racial inequality is still present today, but the fact of the matter, it is. The term â€Å"race† is used to define a single human being. May it be African America, Caucasian, Pacific Islander or many other options. On job applications, doctor and dental forms, college applications and many other forms of documents, society is forced to check a box that identifies them. The question of the matter is what does it matter? The term â€Å"race† came from racism itself. Dating back to the 16th century segregation has played a key role in history. Not only for the United States, but worldwide. When societies began to see differences in cultures, such as having that different skin color, different foods or different languages, the different communities formed hatreds for others who were labeled as â€Å"different†. This began the racist movement that we still see today. Groups began having different names or titles which is now considered a race of people. Since the sixteenth century, race and racial inequality has changed in multiple ways. For example, in 1904 the European powers began taking over southern Africa where the ethnic group Herrera’s resided. The Europeans began moving the Herrera’s to concentration camps to kill them, all for land. In the 1940’s Hitler wanted to form a new order of Nazi Germany. He did this by forcing the Jewish, African Americans, and any other race that was not European or at the least resembled European decent to concentration camps. Just like the Herrera’s the majority of those placed in these camps were killed. However, Hitler did not do this for power or land; he did this to form a perfect land. He wanted everyone to be what he considered perfect, white, blonde, and had blue eyes. Jumping over to America, slavery of the African American race and sometimes the Indian race, were shipped to America in the 16th century and up until the 19th century, these people were forced to work. Unlike the European power, America’s goal of this group was not to exterminate them, but to use them as work. The African Americans had many rules and restrictions that prevented them from living a normal and equal life as the whites. We also forbid them from displaying for sale at the market or from carrying to private houses for sale of any commodity, was on rule for the slaves that was established under Code Noir. Slavery was made illegal after the American Civil war in the 1860’s. However, The climax of the history of racism came in the twentieth century. This is due to those of different ethnic backgrounds trying to become civilized in society. Crime rates shot up and police brutality rose with aim to those whose race was of African descent. Those races had a nearly impossible time getting jobs which meant they had to live in poor communities. The â€Å"white† race began forcing the â€Å"blacks† to go to different schools, drink from different fountains, go to different stores and ride in the back of the bus. It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in 1955-1968 that blacks and whites began to become civilized. As one can see, racism has manifested itself into world history playing a key role in major wars fought, protests, and mass exterminations. Even though there are no more concentration camps, and slavery has been made illegal, racism is still present today in the 21st century. Today, racism is not as harsh and brutal as it was in the past; it has become more or less a humor. On comedy shows there is often a â€Å"token† character. Typically this character is African American and is made fun of by the other characters. These jokes are found to be funny and laughed at. The reality is that the jokes made are racist. A common form of humor is a meme. A meme is a typographic joke. Some are of a black man where it is joking about committing a crime; some are of an Asian man who is joking about either the shape of his eyes, or how Asians are said to be smarter than the average person. These memes are found all over the internet and are simply laughed at by all races. The biggest racial inequality argument happens to be racial profiling by police. Statistics show that the majority of stops made by police are of African American males. There have been several reports of police harassing and being unfair to these individuals. However, when an individual of European descent is stopped, they are given a warning if it is their first time and treated fairly. Little wonder that black parents, regardless of class, routinely drill their children in how to act when stopped by the police, something few white parents ever think about. Despite the jokes and the racial profiling, American society fails to recognize racism today, even though it is clearly present. All in all, racial inequality has been a major issue since the 16th century. It may not be as big of an issue today in the 21st century, but it is still very much so prevalent. Racial inequality has come a long way since the 16th century, let alone the 20th century, so it is easy to see an assurance of equality in the future. However, societies such as American must overcome their ignorance of being racist in order for that to happen. Bibliography Fredrickson, George. â€Å" Racism, A Short History†. (Princeton University Press) Peabody, Sue. † Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World†. (Boston: Bedfords/St. Martins) Rosenburg, Paul. † Birth Certificates and Unconscious Racism†. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Sue Peabody, Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World. (Boston: Bedfords/St. Martins) [ 2 ]. George Fredrickson, Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) [ 3 ]. Paul Rosenburg, Birth Certificates and Unconscious Racism. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011) How to cite The Evolution of Racial Inequality, Essay examples

Computer Application free essay sample

The three hotels we chose to use for our assignment are the Shangri La, Concorde and Tune Hotels and we chose these three as we thought they would give us a wide range of information and they would each have quite different styles of websites as the star rating that they have widely differ. Description of Chosen Websites Including Their Features, Available Information and Comparisons of the Websites The Shangri La website has an extremely inviting look to it. The colours used are very homely and warm which gives it a very welcoming feel which makes you want to book a room and stay there straight away. The picture used for the home page shows the relaxation and great hospitality that occurs as soon as you step into the hotel and with all of the green nature in the background it gives the hotel a very natural and environmental vibe. Thisgave us all the impression that booking a room will be very simple and enjoyable, just like being at the hotel. The Concorde website doesn’t have the same first impression. We felt that when you first go on to the website, it doesn’t make you feel like you want to stay there. It seems very ‘showy’ and black and white and it doesn’t give us any attraction at all to book there. It seems almost too focussed on the business lifestyle and doesn’t make us attracted to stay at the hotel at all. TuneHotels websites first impressions aren’t great. There isn’t anything that makes you want to stay there and it’s all very basic and boring. There is nothing but information and it wouldn’t have a chance of making us book a room there. Based alone on first impressions out of these three hotel websites, we decided that the Shangri La won by a mile. The tool bar menu at the top of the page for the Shangri La is simple and doesn’t have too many things which we feel is a good thing, because it has the main topics; the things that you would initially go onto the website for. Unlike on the Concorde’s website, there are way too many options on the top tool bar and it makes the user feel like they are being bombarded with information and you just don’t know where to start. All of the options on the tool bar of the Concorde website can all be found on the Shangri La’s as well, but the Shangri La’s is much more concise and better managed as they have a top and bottom tool bar with different information on each. The Concorde website has a lot of options and they are the same options for the top and bottom tool bar, which we felt wasn’t very conducive for the websites layout. The Tune Hotel’s tool bar menu is a plus for their website because it’s simple and easy to navigate around. Even though the layout of the Shangri La’s tool bar menus are much better, on the tool bar of Concorde and Tune Hotel when you hover your mouse over one of the topics, there is a drop-down menu which is really good because it makes it very convenient for the user as they can see all of the submenu’s that are under each category. Rather than with the Shangri La’s where you have to click and be directed to the next page to find out what other information is on that page. Having this function on the Tune Hotel and Concorde website makes the websites much more user friendly than the Shangri La’s in terms of looking for information, because it’s so much easier to navigate around as you know exactly what information is on which page. For the Concorde and the Tune Hotel website, on the homepage they both have booking forms, but on the Shangri La’s website they don’t have this function on the homepage, you can only access and browse this once you go to it under the tool bar function for ‘Rates Reservations’. This has both positives and negatives for each of the hotels. For Concorde and Tune Hotel its very good because as soon as you enter the website it introduces the user to the booking form which may enhance the users decision to book that hotel as it will be easier as they don’t need to go searching for a booking form, which could result in these two hotels getting more online booking than the Shangri La as the booking form for that hotel isn’t as conveniently available. However, the Concorde and Tune Hotel’s booking form system isn’t as aesthetically pleasing as its small and bundled together with a load of other information and they both aren’t enjoyable to fill in your criteria to stay, but on the Shangri La’s you don’t mind filling it in because the aesthetics are there to make it enjoyable to fill in as it has its own separate page. One feature that the Concorde hotels website has that the other two don’t have is that whichever page you’re on on the website, you have a slideshow of a few ictures relating to the particular topic you’ve clicked on. This gives the user a further insight to more of the hotel itself rather than only having one picture per page there are three or four. Having a slideshow on every page also gives the website more of a better user interface as it makes the website more interesting as there are moving things to interest the user, rather than like the other two websi tes where everything is stationary and can lose user focus which may result in them stopping looking at the website after a short amount of time. With the different photographs on every page, through them it seems like the Concorde hotel is trying to convey the feel and mood of all the different things such as all of the cafes and restaurants and show all of the specialities which each place in the hotel has to offer and for each place it seems like they want to show the uniqueness to each of them. Even though there is this very good feature on the website, it still somehow doesn’t make it look as good as the Shangri La’s. With all of the glamour from all of the pictures that are used in the Concorde’s website, this adds to it being ‘showy’ and bright and it does get across the point that it’s very grand, but after a while, it getsquite tedious and boring, but with the Shangri La, having only one picture per page somehow seems to work a lot better. We think that in this case; less is more. However, for the Tune Hotel website not much is going on at all, in fact too little is going on, so it’s extremely boring to be on this website after a while as there aren’t any little things included such as pictures on the pages or any moving user interactive features. There is a gallery on the Tune Hotel website, but the gallery is of quite a bad standard as there are only a few pictures which seems like a half-job has been done on it and it doesn’t enhance the website by having these few pictures on. It does show you how the rooms are actually like and what additions they have in the hotel like Subway, so it’s not completely useless. The website designer just needs to put a bit more effort into it. For the information on the Tune Hotel website, it seems like they don’t want their customers and potential customers to know so much about the actual hotel that they will be staying in because they have information such as things like the shareholders and the management team, which isn’t quite what most people look for when looking into booking a hotel, so we think there is some unnecessary information that the Tune Hotel website offers for the majority of the eople that search these websites. There isn’t anywhere near as much helpful information that the Concorde and Shangri La offer which may just be a reason from Tune Hotels not having the same high standard as the other two hotels and maybe there just isn’t as much for the hotel to offer as the other two high rated hotels. The actual information included in each of the websites differs quite a lot in terms of the choices of what is included and not. When we looked deeper into the details of the information in the websites, we found that on pages about the restaurants and cafes on the Concorde and Shangri La’s website they had very detailed information that is very convenient for the user if they are looking for information on the restaurants and cafes such as the dress code. With having this information it gives the potential customers additional knowledge that they need and if this information wasn’t put on the website some potential customers may arrive in the incorrect attire and they would be forced to either change their clothing and go back to the restaurant or eat somewhere else. This information is really a service to the users as the information isn’t a necessity to be included in the website, but the management thought about how to make the lives of their future customers easier. The layouts of these two websites for the information pages like the dining pages have quite a different standard to each other. The Shangri La’s layout and colours used are very relaxed, warming and welcoming; on the other hand the Concorde’s layout is very black and white, too simple and looks too much like information. The font doesn’t make it inviting to read, however the Shangri La’s font makes it a pleasure to read. Some information that is included in the Concorde’s website is rather unique to a hotels website. There is information on careers such as how to apply for a job for Hard Rock Hotels, Concorde Hotels and Resorts and other resorts in Malaysia. This is something that nobody in my group has seen or heard of before. The Tune Hotels also include this feature on its website, however it isn’t anywhere near the professional standard that the Concorde’s is at, as there isn’t any layout of what specific jobs are available or where, but on the Concorde’s all of the information is laid out very professionally and clearly. Tune Hotels and Concorde also have a feature on their website which is Guest Reviews. However, we faced one problem with this. We originally saw guest reviews on Tune Hotels website and it was showed in a little box with changing comments and ratings of previous customers visits, but after that we couldn’t find it again anywhere on the website. On the other hand, the guest reviews on the Concorde’s website is easily sighted on its homepage. The two higher rated hotels, the Shangri La and Concorde have a feature where you can change the language of the website to suit your preference. The choices of language are English, Chinese or Japanese. These language choices are limited, however for this particular hotel in Kuala Lumpur these three choices of language are enough to suit the needs of the travellers that will enquire about these hotels as almost all of the users will be able to read or speak one of these three main languages. For all three of the hotel websites they give you the offer of joining their group on Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and a few other less popular ones on the Tune Hotels website. This shows that all of the websites are targeting all sorts of age groups and by having these features on the websites it will help them get a new addition to the target market of the hotels.

Sylvia Plaths Metaphor free essay sample

Im a riddle in nine syllables, An elephant, a ponderous house, A melon strolling on two tendrils. O red fruit, ivory, fine timbers! This loafs big with its yeasty rising. Moneys new-minted in this fat purse. Im a means, a stage, a cow in calf. Ive eaten a bag of green apples, Boarded the train theres no getting off. Sylvia’s Plath’s â€Å"Metaphors† is about a woman feeling insignificant during the midst of her pregnancy. Striking imagery is used to explore the narrator’s attitudes about having a child. Plath uses metaphors in every line, including the title itself, making the poem a collection of clues. The reader is teasingly challenged to figure out these clues, realising that the metaphors have much deeper meaning. The very first line of ‘Metaphors’ give readers an introduction to the poem, stating that it is a riddle to be solved. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plaths Metaphor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Riddles are not easily figured out and need careful consideration to find the meaning. However when solved, it seems the solution of the riddle is a pregnant woman. Plath uses 9 lines for the nine months of pregnancy by describing herself as nine syllables. The title ‘Metaphors’ also has nine letters, adding to this effect. In the next 2 lines, the poem continues to use inventive metaphors to compare the narrator to different objects, creating imagery. In line 2, the narrator is â€Å"An elephant, a ponderous house. † This expresses how the narrator feels about her pregnant body, signifying largeness. Similarly, the third line pokes fun of the way she looks by putting a funny image in ones mind of a pregnant woman that resembles â€Å"A melon strolling on two tendrils. † The objects in line 4 (red fruit, ivory and fine timbers) all refer to previous metaphors addressed. The red fruit refers to the melon and a fruit represents reproduction or a womb. When a plant is grown, the plant’s worth is in its fruit. Plath refers to her baby as the fruit and true value while she is the carrier, much like a plant. The next part of line 4 is the ivory. Once again, an elephant is killed for its prized ivory tusks which are valued and esteemed. This strong metaphor compares the narrator to the elephant who feels their fate is death. The third part of line 4 is the fine timbers that directly relate to the house previously mentioned. The purpose of the house fortifies the idea that what’s inside is of value. The house is nothing without its fine timbers and it is merely for protection and shelter. Just like a pregnant woman is for her unborn child. The fifth line represents the rising loaf like a child growing inside a womb. It is a pun on a familiar saying to pregnancy of a bun in the oven. â€Å"Money’s new minted in this fat purse† plays with the idea that the purse has no great value in itself but contains valuable things inside. Line 7 explores the narrator’s feelings towards having a child. She feels like â€Å"a means†, as if she is just a way for the baby to be born. As a mother she is just â€Å"a stage† and a platform but not a performance. She is â€Å"a cow in calf,† where many cows are separated from their offspring and have little to do with their mum. The final lines seem to break away from the rest of the poem and have a tone of darkness. After eating â€Å"a bag of green apples† one might feel sick especially since green apples are considered sour. The fruit is also unripe, signifying that the narrator is not ready to have a baby. Another point that can be found is that it is easy to see the resemblance of this line and Eve from the Bible. Eve was tempted to eat an apple and was cursed with the pain of childbirth. Likewise, the narrator has eaten a bag of apples and is also cursed with bearing a baby. This sense of helplessness is particularly shown in the last line. There is no way out for her. She has â€Å"boarded the train† which she does not feel prepared for and nothing will stop the train until it arrives at its destination and the baby is delivered. It signifies the lack of control that she has over her own body.

Advances made by Sir Robert Peel

Advances made by Sir Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet was a British Conservative who was and still is a respected leader in national and international affairs. He had 2nd Baronet to his name for the reason that he shared the same name with his father who was referred to as 1st Baronet. He had two stints as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was Home Secretary, a period during which he was instrumental in establishing the contemporary idea of the police force which has impacted law enforcement in other parts of the world since then (Adelman, 1989, p. 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advances made by Sir Robert Peel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Prime Minister, he annulled the Corn Laws and came up with the Tamworth Manifesto that led to the establishment of the Conservative Party from the defunct Tory Party. Peel got himself into political affairs at the age of twenty one as legislator for Irish Cashel Tipperary, b eing elected unopposed. He had the backing of his father and Sir Arthur Wellesley who was later to become Duke of Wellington. Peel’s maiden speech at the commencement of the 1810 sitting was praised by the Speaker as second only to that of William Pitt. During his tenure as Chief Secretary in Dublin in 1813, he recommended the establishment of a professional law enforcement force, which later came to be referred to as the â€Å"Peelers†. For the subsequent decade he had stints at a succession of somewhat unimportant positions within the Tory administrations (Ramsay, 1969, p. 26). He also shifted constituencies twice, first to Chippenham and then Oxford University in 1817. From the 1930 he shifted to Tamworth where he stayed until his passing away. Peel showed that he was one of the growing lights of the Tory party and first got into cabinet occupying the Home Secretary docket in 1822. During his stay in that office he instituted some significant alterations of British criminal law, the most remembered being the setting up of the Metropolitan Police Force through the Metropolitan Act of 1829. Changes were also carried out in criminal law where the crimes liable to be punished by death were trimmed down. Adjustments were also carried out on the gaol scheme whereby payment for gaolers was initiated and learning for convicts. Peel stepped down as Home Secretary after Lord Liverpool who was Prime Minister at the time befell incapacitation (Clark, 1964, p. 34). George Canning replaced Peel. Canning passed away later and after Lord Goderich’s stint as premier, the Duke of Wellington took over and Peel was once again the Home Secretary.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Police reform is one of the high points that Peel is well renowned for. He instituted the Metropolitan Police Force for London. The one thousand police officers taken up at the time were warmly dubbed Bobbies and in other quarters as Peelers, terms that have remained in place until today. These officers were very successful in reducing crime drastically in London. Peel instilled principles in the force which classified the moral obligations the officers must tag on in a bid to be effectual in their duties. By the late 1950s, all metropolitans in the United Kingdom were duty-bound to set up their own law enforcement forces (Clark, 1964, p. 36). Law enforcement in other parts of the world has borrowed from Peel’s principles. For instance in America, police officers are expected to carry out their duties with the highest ethical standards. The principles not only touch on the law enforcement but are in conjunction with the community whereby the law enforcement is the community, and the community the law enforcement. Peel was later to become Prime minister, then opposition leader and again Prime Minister, periods within which he instituted notable econ omic reforms (Adelman, 1989, p. 18). He passed away on 2nd July 1850 aged sixty two. Reference List Adelman, P. (1989). Peel and the Conservative Party: 1830-1850. London and New York: Longman. pp. 4 – 18. Clark, G. (1964). Peel and the Conservative Party: A Study in Party Politics 1832-1841. 2nd ed. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, Inc. pp. 34 36. Ramsay, A. (1928, 1969). Sir Robert Peel. Freeport, New York: Books for Library Press. pp. 26-27.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advances made by Sir Robert Peel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Marks & Spencer and performance analysis Assignment

Marks & Spencer and performance analysis - Assignment Example The business operates in a highly competitive business environment, taking competitive market share losses from other stores such as NEXT, the Gap, House of Fraser, and BHS. Well-known domestic brand names continue to adjust their competitive strategies, thus forcing Marks & Spencer to continuously consider whether its current core philosophy should continue to be promoted in the pursuit of competitive edge or whether new branding/advertising/marketing strategies are required to achieve top performance. This report identifies the processes, strategies and systems that drive alignment toward meeting performance targets and analyses the environment in which Marks & Spencer operates today. The business environment Marks & Spencer continuously attempts to diverse its product offerings, launching new business opportunities in key test markets in order to create a business profile that is secure for a new generation of customers. The company has worked consistently to combat negative perce ptions about the core brand philosophy, attempting to emerge from a staunchy and proud brand that has been a trademark of traditionalist buyers in the UK for decades. Because of this, the company has shifted its focus away from its traditional home and personal fashion philosophy to extend into foods services in an effort to compete with major grocers and also in terms of how the company promotes itself to a new class of buyers. This new focus changes the internal dynamics of management and also the supply chain in an effort to support new business function and principles. For example, M&S has realised that there is a growing trend in a new generation of buyers to secure the interests of the natural environment and reduce the carbon footprint left by operations. The business identifies that 80 percent of its buyers are concerned with sustainability issues, thus the company has developed over 100 different eco-targets to eliminate landfill waste and become carbon neutral (Palmer, 201 0). Much of this is accomplished by establishing a new supply chain that consists of suppliers with sustainable raw materials (Palmer). In order to develop and maintain a sustainability programme, certain operational components must be altered and a new management focus developed. As part of this eco-focus, Marks & Spencer developed what it referred to as Plan A, a sustainability programme that involves waste reduction, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, and using renewable power to supply 23 percent of the firm’s total electricity inputs (Nagappan, 2009). Why is this important for aligning the business when other competitors continue to develop similar sustainability programmes? M&S has recently been forced to lower prices on merchandise, especially in the clothing sales division (Bokaie, 2008). This has been in response to lowering sales as older customers who were once loyal to the business in the mid 20th Century have been replaced with younger buyers who have a h igher disposable income and a new preference for fashion and home merchandise. The difference between Marks & Spencer and other competition is that the business is using advertising and other marketing-based activities to sell eco-friendly sales in order to rebuild a damaged brand reputation. If 80 percent of customers have been identified through qualitative or quantitative research to have a significant concern over the environment when choosing a brand, M&S aligns the operational function of the company to meet this concern using a new positioning

Introduction to decision making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to decision making - Assignment Example Although whether he elects to sell or hold on to the company’s most expensive assets in the anticipation that better circumstances can prevail. The task to make the decisions that will help in ameliorating the status of Qantas would be a difficult one with multiple challenges (Rao, 2010). Qantas has continually experienced challenges from high costs of jet fuel just like many other Local Airlines. Quite recently, the Flying Kangaroo has also faced local challenges where it is forced to cope with a commercial slowdown and increasing rivalry with the Virgin Australia Holdings. In order to continually grow profits, someone ought to introduce stern principles and make harsh decisions in order to compete in the airline business (Rao, 2010).The decision to either sell or retain the Airline’s most priced assets would be a difficult decision to make for any expert. However decision to undertake either of the two procedures is a risky trail to take. The decision of Alan Joyce was a strategic, tactical as well as an operational one. The principal objective of the decision is to sustain the company in the local airline competition and counter the Virgin Australia for its customers; for this reason, it can be said that the move is strategic. The plan is tactical because t here would counter the other Local Airlines by stealing customers from them. Qantas needed to deal with its declining market share and losses in its transnational operations through improving its competitiveness. With regards to the domestic scene, Joyce had to address the challenges from the Virgin Australia. The competitor Virgin Australia set up a program share accord with other global giants such as Delta Airlines and Singapore. Joyce took a draconian counteractive step by instituting central structural changes to the company’s operations. The action made losses of up to $200 million. Joyce made another decision to initiate new airlines,

Jury Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jury Selection - Essay Example Written by Neil Kressel, a social psychologist at New Jersey's William Paterson University, and his wife Dorit, a practicing attorney, this book provides an even-handed accounting of the methods and ethical issues of the phenomenon called jury consultancy and its possible implications for American justice. It provides a discussion regarding the use of jury consultants in sensitive matters such as race and answers the questions: What do jury consultants do Are their elaborate efforts to assist lawyers in the jury selection process by identifying attitudes, values, and would-be demographic predictors merely benign efforts to screen for biases that could jeopardize fair trials, as practitioners like to claim Scientific Jury Selection is a well-written volume that reviews the research and issues surrounding scientific jury selection. The authors examine the many factors and methods involved in this process and provide a balanced and comprehensive review of the literature as well as raise important scientific and ethical questions. Chapters review such factors as methods of acquiring information and applying those methods to the actual process of jury selection. The volume raises substantial issues about the accuracy and efficacy of the selection process, as well as its ethical and legal implications. In addition, it provides the basis for the psychological methods used. 4. A. Austin (1984). Complex Litigation Confronts the Jury System, 103-104. Greenwod Press, US. Austin provides a case study in which one could gain valuable insight into the workings of jury consultancy and provides an analysis and possible implications of the methods used thru the case study presented. 5. Leci, L., Snowden, J. and Morris, D (2004). "Using Social Science Research to Inform and Evaluate the Contributions of Trial Consultants in the Voir Dire." Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 4.2 (2004) 67-78 The authors argue that the jury selection methods commonly employed by trial consultants and lawyers in the voir dire process are fraught with problems because they do not employ standardized assessments. This commentary provides and advocates the advantages of employing standardized, reliable, and validated measures of pretrial juror bias to more effectively conduct the voir dire, and we delineate some of the methods by which this can be accomplished. 6. Lieberman, Joel D., and Bruce D. Sales (2007). "Overall Effectiveness of Scientific Jury Selection" in PsycINFO. Washington DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2007. Lieberman and Sales provides a discussion on matters of jury consultancy such as the Purpose and effectiveness of the Voir Dire, influence of demographic factors, influence of Personality and Attitudes, in-court questioning of prospective jurors and ethical and professional issues in Scientific Jury Selection. 7. Van Wallendael, Lori, and Brian Cutler (2004).

Human Resource Management Contribution To Organisational Success

Human Resource Management Contribution To Organisational Success The aim of SHRM is to ensure that an organisation has the skilled, committed and motivated employees it needs to achieve sustained competitive advantage. A number of strategies to achieve this objective have been developed. One strategy follows the resource-based theory which emphasises that investment in people adds to the value of the company by achieving a strategic fit between resource and opportunities to effectively deploy those resources to obtain added value. Another approach is the high-performance management one, whereby processes are developed in areas such as productivity, quality, customer service, growth and profitability through the peoples skills and enthusiasm within the organisation. Another model is the one of high-commitment, where there is a reduction in layers of management, increased flexibility of job descriptions, and a reliance on team working and disseminating information, leading to primarily self-regulated behaviour of the employees. There is also the hig h-involvement approach which engages employees views as partners in the organisation aiming to create a mutual understanding of what is to be achieved and managing people to ensure it is achieved (Armstrong 2006). Holbeche (2009) in discussing SHRM theory states that it has evolved from two distinct conceptions of the link between employee motivation and behaviour and company-level performance outcomes. Researchers distinguish between hard traditional HRM and soft, committeemen-focussed HRM. Hard HRM reflects a contingency approach based on the assessment of the best way to manage people in order to achieve business goals in the light of contextual factors. This approach is founded on HRM seeking to improve efficiency by enforcing employee compliance by, for example, basing employee rewards on some measurable criteria. This approach suggests that for any particular organisational strategy there will be a matching HR strategy. In contrast, soft HRM focuses on a high-commitment-high-performance approach to the management of people. Commitment approaches to HRM aim to shape attitudes by forging a psychological link between organisational and employee goals, emphasising the need for management to recognise employees as significant stakeholders in the company. Increasingly, businesses are moving away from basic product manufacture and service and into more elaborate and complex activities which require the extensive use of information or knowledge. Strategic responses to the new knowledge economy require new forms of training and learning and development is a core business of SHRM. The advent of electronic or e-learning has become increasingly relevant in a context where more and more workplaces are dominated to computer technology, improving the development of knowledge which can be applied to benefit the employee, customer and the organisation. BP offers a blend of e-learning and structured knowledge sharing services allowing individuals to self-manage their learning either on a self-initiated means of web-based training, with fully supported online learning, or informal e-learning through communication, information retrieval and peer cooperation (Harrison 2005). SHRM has a role to play in ensuring that business planning and the planning of suitable employees match. Bohlander and Snell (2009) argue that strategic planning involves a set of procedures for making decisions about the organisations long-term goals and strategies. Human resource planning, by comparison is the process of anticipating and providing for the movement of people into, within, and out of an organisation. Overall its purpose is to help managers deploy their human resources as effectively as possible, where and when they are needed, in order to accomplish the organisations goals. SHRM combines strategy planning and HR planning and plays a leading role in human resources deployments and activities that enable an organisation to achieve its strategic goals. There are cost benefits for an organisation which has strategic focus on human resource planning. Sims (2002) relates that SHRM planning can provide a number of direct and indirect benefits for an organisation. Benefits of SHRM planning include the fact that HRM costs may be lower because management can anticipate imbalances before they become unmanageable and expensive. More time is available to locate talent because needs are anticipated and identified before the actual staffing is required. Development of potential managers can be better planned. Suitable HR policy development can aid the competitive position of a company. An organisations mission and values through their desired competitive strategy and can be supported by a set of SHRM policies and practices which drive the required employee behaviours in alignment with the business goals. This is illustrated by Southwest Airlines who utilise their organisational culture to competitive advantage. This involves an extensive selection process for hiring flight attendants whose profile fits. This includes casting type exercises where applicants are examined against a psychological profile that distinguishes outstanding flight attendants with a focus on customer satisfaction (Beardwell et al 2004). Strategic involvement a forward-looking view of employee development and career planning is a time focussed approach. SHRM which focuses on organisational practices that lead to knowledge transfer and the creation of future solutions as opposed to practices which merely correct past errors. As an example a software development company is entirely reliant on its human capital, their knowledge and skills to generate profits. The SHRM strategy which focuses on how to recruit suitable staff, and enrich and share their knowledge base to meet clients requirements will have a positive business impact (Swart et al 2005). According to Torrington et al (2008), three theoretical approaches to SHRM can be identified. The first is based on the concept of the one best way of managing human resources to improve business performance. The second focuses on the need to align employment policies and practices with those of business strategy so that the business will be successful. This approach is based on an assumption that different business strategies will require different types of HR strategies. A more recent approach is based on the perceived value of human capital. This focuses on the quality of human resources available to the organisation and their ability to learn and adapt more quickly than their competitors. The perceived importance of people as a business asset was emphasised by Barclays Group who were keen to demonstrate that their financial results were related to their people strategies ad improvements in staff satisfaction. This focus on human capital and competitive advantage is not applicable in all forms of employment, for example it is of little relevance for organisations in the public sector. There are detractors who view the HR function as lacking in the necessary business knowledge to be accepted as a strategic partner. Many do not fully accept the involvement of SHRM in contributing to business success. Loosemore et al (2003) despite numerous studies into the nature of HRM and what it represents, it still remains a widely criticised and ambiguous concept. Most importantly, its contribution to organisational performance remains unclear and is not well understood. Critics allege that rather than adding value to the business through its strategic integration with managerial objectives, the reality is that SHRM can remain a disappointingly mechanistic function. They suggest that the theory of SHRM represents a false and unobtainable image for personnel managers to aspire to, because aligning so many competing needs within a single approach is bound to be problematic. Brewster and Larsen (2000) argue that the central theme of SHRM is the link between organisational strategies and the HR function. The focus is on the place HRM has or does not have in the overall process of strategic decision making in the organisation. SHRM points towards a strategic orientation of the HR function and functional areas themselves. Here the focus is on the existence of HR strategies and on the strategic direction of core functional areas such as recruitment and selection, training and development, appraisal and compensation. Direct integration of SHRM requires the immediate participation of members of the HR department and /or HR issues in the formal or informal decision process at the strategic organisational level. Indirect integration emphasises that goal-oriented influencing of organisational decision makers that can shape the strategy processes. In European countries, personnel or HR specialists rarely reach the very highest positions in employing organisations which would enable them to make such a directly influencing contribution. SHRM has a lack or metrics which could provide a meaningful record of their strategic contribution. Price (2007) questions the effectiveness of the human resources function as a strategic partner, citing the measurement of HR success as potentially faulty. One common approach is the use of the balanced scorecard which includes a range of HR measures as well as the traditional financial and other metrics such as time to hire, cost per hire, and percentage of appraisals completed. These metrics, while important are not the role of strategic partnership and reinforce the view of HR as an administrative function. SHRM is not universally accepted in all cultures and this affects international firms in particular. Contractor (2002) discusses the joint venture experience of western companies in Japan. He relates that HR practice and competitive strategy of multinational companies in Japan showed clearly that the execution of a winning strategy in the Japanese market was often severely handicapped by the deficiencies in the human resource system. The capability gap between strategic requirements of the business and the support provided by the HRM system was evident independently of the products and industries where joint ventures were involved. Dubrin (2008) argues that while business strategy addresses the financial priorities of the organisation by identifying what business the company should be in, product direction, profit targets and others, human resource planning addresses the question of what skills are needed for success of the business. Planning helps to identify the gaps between current employee competencies and behaviour and the competencies and behaviour needed in the organisations future. SHRM planning contributes by estimating how many people and with what abilities the company will need to create in the foreseeable future, for future turnover and those likely to remain long term. In addition SHRM plans the recruitment, selection and retirement or redundancy of employees, and once hired, the training and development needs to ensure a continued supply of people with the right skill sets. SHRM can contribute to business success by focussing their efforts on development of people in line with a strategic analysis of the key influences on the present and future success of the organisation, the influence of threats and opportunities in the business environment and the competencies and strengths of the organisation. Strategic HR development (SHRD) in this situation includes analysis of current skill levels available within and external to the organisation which might affect current and future business goals. SHRD would consider the core competencies of the organisation in terms of human capabilities in existence or which might be developed, and how these might be deployed. Choice of strategic options open to the organisation in terms of products or services could be assessed against the ability of SHRD to recruit staff and train them to meet the requirements of the strategic options selected. (Wilson 2005). An agile SHRM function which is in tune with the changing business environment is an asset to a company. Jackson et al (2008) argue that understanding the nature of the organisational and external environments is core to managing human resources strategically. To recruit the right people with the right competencies and to keep these people motivated to do their best work, managers and HR professionals alike need to understand the demands and nature of the business. A computer company that competes by continually offering innovative products and services is likely to manage people differently than a retailer that competes by offering low-cost goods or a manufacturer that competes by offering the best quality possible. Furthermore, each of these companies may change is approach to managing human resources as economic and social conditions change. An SHRM function which can deliver such flexibility can contribute especially in times of business change. Armstrong (2000) relates that the concept of sustainable competitive advantage as formulated by Porter (1985) arises when a company creates value for its customers, selects markets in which it can excel and presents a moving target to its competitors by continually improving its position. According to Porter, three of the most important factors are innovation, quality and cost leadership. The ability to gain and retain competitive advantage is crucial to a businesss growth and profitability. However, Porter recognises that all these depend on the quality of an organisations human resources. An organisations HR strategies, policies and practices are a unique blend of processes, procedures, personalities, styles, capabilities and organisational culture. One of the keys to competitive advantage is the ability to differentiate what the business supplies to its customers from those supplied by its competitors. Such differentiation can be achieved by having higher-quality people than those competitors, by developing a nurturing the intellectual capital possessed by the business and by functioning as a learning organisation. The SHRM approach of focussing on changing attitudes and behaviour of employees in pursuit of competitive advantage successfully is borne out by a quote from the National Westminster Bank who stated that in strategic terms our fundamental reason for being in this position is that in a competitive world it is acknowledged that products do not differentiate you and its easy to buy technology. What actually gives the bank the competitive edge is the people that serve the customers. Kew and Stredwick (2005) discuss the role of the HR function in company ethics. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasingly a differentiating factor in some customers relationship with companies. The theory on ethics and CSR suggests that the ethical policy can only be meaningful if it permeates all the activities of the organisation, and if everyone within the organisation internalises it, rather than pay lip service to it. This suggests that HR in its role of helping to identify the values of the organisation has a clear contribution to make. HR has the experience with values, and is well placed to canvass opinions across a wide range of stakeholders to enable it to draw up a code of ethics. This ethical behaviour extends to the concept of the psychological contract (CIPD 2003b, pp18-19). This defines the implicit deal between employer and employees, as distinct from the formal deal contained in the contract of employment. Conclusions The contribution of SHRM to the success of an organisation is effective in a number of areas such as the newer knowledge industries where the concept of people as a business asset is foremost. However, there is little evidence that SHRM is effective at the basic level of actively participating in strategic formulation at board level. It is more involved in the implementation of strategic business decisions. There are sceptics as to the effectiveness of SHRM as a concept and as to the functions ability to be a business partner. The rapidly changing business conditions means that types of employees required and their skills in aspects such as knowledge management has placed more emphasis on a strategic HR function. Successful SHRM is agile, has the ability to forward plan, recruit strategically, manage the balance of employees and develop by training and reward the competencies necessary for the modern business environment.

The Uncertain Future of Cloning :: Science

The Uncertain Future of Cloning One of the most crucial aspects of today’s society is the advancement of scientific capabilities. There are many people in the world today that would not be alive if it were not for science. Over the last four decades there have been tremendous improvements that have enhanced the ease of human life. With all of these scientific improvements, there are still those that oppose the results that occur from science. One of the more controversial scientific advancements is the application of cloning into human life. The question that arises for those in the scientific field is, how can science improve, while staying within the boundaries of what the majority wants? Many scientists would like to be able to practice their trade freely, without the limitations set by the government. There are also some scientists that are eager to clone a human being. Most people agree that cloning does have positive affects on human life. The belief is that cloning will open the door for new medical improvements and cures. The scientists lobbying for cloning believe it will eventually enable them to reproduce injured, or non-functioning body parts. A couple that is unable to reproduce on their own using conventional methods, would be able to create their own offspring by cloning. A reference in defense of cloning, that also confronts inaccurate beliefs of many people states, â€Å"Neither evolution nor the old-fashioned human sex act is in any way threatened, nor is the family or human society. Most fears about human cloning stem from ignorance† (Pence). While scientists do not want any limitations set on their work, many people feel that there are not enough limits set on the scientific field. Although there are multiple advantages to cloning, there is equal or more opposition. Some people believe that cloning of human beings takes the place of God, which makes the procedure unethical. One excerpt in opposition of cloning states, â€Å"The natural processes of evolution are thwarted, because natural selection is by-passed. This may seem attractive in thoroughbred horses, but in humans it really may be that only the rich are able to clone themselves† (Dileo). After multiple failures to clone a lamb, scientists were finally successful.

Csr in Inidan Banking Sector Essay

State regulatory bodies, NGOs, media, customers have significantly addressed social responsibility issues in banking sector. International organization such as World Bank also exerts pressures on banks to analyze social and environmental risk involved in projects to be financed. In addition the reputation and resultant profitability of an organization are greatly effected by their CSR activities. Researchers have found a positive correlation between CSR and financial performance of the organization. Around the globe, a good commitment is being shown by the banking industry to CSR principles. Banks are showing conscious efforts to reduce the regulatory actions by depicting a good environmental citizen image. Banking in India has originated in the last decades of the 18th century with the establishment of General Bank of India in 1786, and the Bank of Hindustan set up in 1870 (both banks are now defunct). At present, the commercial banking structure in India consists of Scheduled Commercial Banks & Unscheduled Banks. Banking in India has evolved in four distinct phases: Foundation phase, Expansion phase, consolidation phase and Reforms phase. An integrated approach of combining CSR with the ultimate customer satisfaction is being adopted by Indian banking industry voluntarily. An attempt has been initiated to ensure social responsible behavior of banking sector in a more systematic manner. Public and private sector banks have common thrust areas which are children welfare, community welfare, education, environment, healthcare, poverty eradication, rural development, vocational training, women’s empowerment, protection to girl child, employment. The core areas for reporting CSR activities are slightly different in both public and private sector banks. The major areas investigated for reporting CSR activities in public and private sector banks is shown by the Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively below: X axis in the below charts represents the fields of CSR activities and Y axis represents the number of banks working in the particular fields out of the selected sample. Figure 1: Core thrust areas for reported CSR activities in public sector banks Source: 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 As per the chart above rural development has been the ost actively participated activity for Indian public sector banks. Besides, their primary focus has been on gender equality through women empowerment. Figure 2: Core thrust areas for reported CSR activities in private sector banks Source: 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 Enhancing the level of education and employment has been the major areas for reporting CSR activities i n Indian private sector bank. Following are community welfare, programs for child welfare and protection of environment. 3. 1 RBI guidelines on CSR: On December 20, 2007 RBI circulated a notice for all the scheduled commercial banks to highlight the role of banks in corporate social responsibility, with title â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development and Non-Financial Reporting – Role of Banks†. Major issues discussed in the notice were regarding – 1. Corporate Social Responsibility 2. Sustainable Development 3. Non-Financial Reporting Talking about the corporate social responsibility program RBI followed many international initiatives to highlight the importance of the notice like – 1. United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) 2. They can achieve the mission by supporting initiatives that are * Cost effective * Capable of large-scale replication * Measurable * Having potential for both near and long-term impact. * Banks must provide appropriate training to its employees on environmental and social risks in lending to ensure that climate change is taken into account in corporate banking decisions. 6. Conclusion The CSR moment in the banking sector is slowing picking the pace. Many banks are showing their inclination and interest towards the CSR activities and believe it as their social responsibility. On the other side CSR reporting practices are far from satisfaction. There are hardly few banks which report their activities on triple bottom line principles. The lack of uniform standards for rating CSR practices leads to problem in comparison of corporate houses and difficulty in determining the CSR rating. In spite of the slow adaptation of CSR reporting practices in India, it is predicted to pick up a great pace in near future. The need for enacting some stringent regulatory provisions to ensure adherence to social responsibility principles is necessary. https://ru.scribd.com/doc/19779226/CSR-PROGRAM-IN-BANKING-SECTOR-AN-INDIAN-PERSPECTIVE http://www.karmayog.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility

buy custom Health Care Industry essay

buy custom Health Care Industry essay In an attempt to placate the health care industry, President Obama launched a new iniative to improve the health of the American consumer. A torrent of criticism followed regarding government regulation of food consumption. While this knee-jerk reaction has flooded the media, I propose we look individually at the measures proposed by President Obama, and assess the pros and cons of these wide reaching changes. Issue 1. All school food will become monitored for nutrition quality. Junk food and empty calories will not be served in a public school system, instead they will be replaced with healthier, more nutritious foods. America has an ongoing childhood obesity epidemic causing more disease, unhealthier children, and increased health care costs. The cost of treating type II diabetes in children was over $127 million last year, a disease that could be prevented with a modified diet and a less sedentary lifestyle (Gavin). The major provider for a school age child is the public school system, so government has a responsibility to monitor the school lunches for nutritional quality. This will increase the health of the American child, a necessity in light of the pandemic of obesity. It will also give government responsibility of what some see as a parents responsibility. Will mandated nutrition produce healthier children? Issue 2. All restaurants must have calorie content and nutrition facts available to the customer, so that the consumer can make educated food choices (Popovich). This creates a national standard for restaurants and vending machines to inform the customer of the quality and nutritional composition of the food being served. The label will look the same as te label on our consumer goods at the grocery store, enabling quick reference for an easy decision. The additional cost to the menu will be absorbed by the restaurant. The positive aspect is the increased information available for the consumer to make a choice, the negative is the cost of the new menus will be passed from the restaurant to the consumer. Will this change the bad choices Americans are eating? Issue 3. The Government food program and WIC have been increased by .06 cents per recipient, amounting to an increase in the Federal Budget from $39 billion to $75 billion. The national poverty level has increased and unemployment has increased, swelling the rolls of those receiving food stamps by over $5 billion Obamas first year in office (Bradley). These people are dependent upon food stamps to provide their basic nutritional needs. This bill will increase the food quantity available to the needy. Unfortunately, this small increase will be swallowed by the increase in the consumer price of food. Will this pittance make the same dent in American health as it will in the national deficit? Issue 4. Soda and Sales Tax Debate - America consumes more than 10% of its daily calories in the form of sugar-lace drinking beverages. Not only is this economically foolish, it is physically unhealthy, as evidenced by the rise in sugary based drinks that parallels the increase in body fat and obesity in the American consumer (Siegel). A Soda and Sales tax would deter consumer spending and possibility allow the consumer to reconsider the wisdom of a high-calorie purchase. A sales tax would increase revenue for the federal budget, needed to cover the costs of the health care bill. Connsumers would benefit by shifting their soda dollars to healthy food choices. Beverage makers would have to change their product lines and advertising, a successful market that today is making $110 billion annually. How will the beverage industry recover from this challenge? Will this abruptly effect the economy by decreasing jobs while funneling income to Research and Development? Issue 5. Food Safety Bill-Food Safety Monitoring Act of January, 2011, gives sweeping power to the Food and Drug Administration and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. FSMA will now issue mandatory recalls for products determined to be unsafe. This bill expands the power of the FDA, and increases inspectors, with an expected cost of over $1.4 billion dollars. As American food is being provided more by the manufacturer and less by the American farmer, personal or corporate responsibility is no longer a budget choice for agri-business. American people will be protected from greedy profiteers and benefit from safer food. The CDC stated that food-borne illnesses and fatalities have decreased since 1998 (Winkler). Is this a necessary improvement and who will pay for this it? Government intervention is a necessity as long as American consumers continue to make bad choices that threaten the security and safety of our country. In a press conference on obesity, Mrs. Obama quoted generals saying that unhealthy food choices are a national security threat because weight problems are the leading medical reason that [military] recruits are rejected (Jalonik). We have compromised our national security as a result of our reckless food choices and sedentary lifestyles. Buy custom Health Care Industry essay

Free Essays on Henryk Sienkiewicz And Chinese Labor In California, 1880

Henryk Sienkiewicz and Chinese Labor in California, 1880 Immigrating from Poland in 1876 â€Å"to establish a utopian community in Anaheim† (p164), Henryk Sienkiewicz observed and recorded many Chinese workers. In one of his documents, Henryk Sienkiewicz Appraises Chinese Labor in California, 1880, Sienkiewicz discusses how the Chinese contribute to capital and why their presence was so opposed by white workers. The author appears to be stating facts about the Chinese workers, explaining their pros and cons working in California, and discussing the attitudes of California residents in regards to their presence. Everything costs less because of their low cost of labor, yet is it the wealthy class that benefit from this low cost of labor and not the white working class? Ever since the immigration of the Chinese workers, prices for everything became lower. The Chinese worked for lower rates, and in turn, the prices for the public became lower. The Chinese were in most every field of work in California. They worked in the fruit orchards, hop-gardens, factories, private homes, restaurants, railroads, and vineyards. The Chinese workers immigrated as single men, leaving family back home. Upon collecting their earnings while working for lower rates, these men save. Not often will they go out into society to spend what they have made, but rather keep what they have to take back with them to China. Based on observing this, the goal of the Chinese seems to be personal and not community based. They are working to better their own lives not the societies they are working in. This is where the argument begins. Because they work for lower income rates are they contributing to society when it comes to outcome? These single men are controlling many of the work-related fields in California and are often preferred versus the white worker who usually has a family, kids, and a wife. The white workers are often in greater labored posit... Free Essays on Henryk Sienkiewicz And Chinese Labor In California, 1880 Free Essays on Henryk Sienkiewicz And Chinese Labor In California, 1880 Henryk Sienkiewicz and Chinese Labor in California, 1880 Immigrating from Poland in 1876 â€Å"to establish a utopian community in Anaheim† (p164), Henryk Sienkiewicz observed and recorded many Chinese workers. In one of his documents, Henryk Sienkiewicz Appraises Chinese Labor in California, 1880, Sienkiewicz discusses how the Chinese contribute to capital and why their presence was so opposed by white workers. The author appears to be stating facts about the Chinese workers, explaining their pros and cons working in California, and discussing the attitudes of California residents in regards to their presence. Everything costs less because of their low cost of labor, yet is it the wealthy class that benefit from this low cost of labor and not the white working class? Ever since the immigration of the Chinese workers, prices for everything became lower. The Chinese worked for lower rates, and in turn, the prices for the public became lower. The Chinese were in most every field of work in California. They worked in the fruit orchards, hop-gardens, factories, private homes, restaurants, railroads, and vineyards. The Chinese workers immigrated as single men, leaving family back home. Upon collecting their earnings while working for lower rates, these men save. Not often will they go out into society to spend what they have made, but rather keep what they have to take back with them to China. Based on observing this, the goal of the Chinese seems to be personal and not community based. They are working to better their own lives not the societies they are working in. This is where the argument begins. Because they work for lower income rates are they contributing to society when it comes to outcome? These single men are controlling many of the work-related fields in California and are often preferred versus the white worker who usually has a family, kids, and a wife. The white workers are often in greater labored posit...

Competition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Competition - Assignment Example n that will help the target audience to gather knowledge about gap year traveling opportunities, internships in foreign countries and job opportunities for travelling students. Currently the database of Gap 360 contains information about 70,000 prospects, which is gathered from lead generation mechanism of the business. In order to further enhance the performance of the database, a new system will be developed which will help in direct collection of data from the prospects. The refurbished database system will be beneficial as it will enable Gap 360 to retain its customer base for a longer period of time. Moreover, the mediums selected to implement the marketing strategy are chosen on the basis of their ability to influence target audience and reach to the maximum geographic area. In order to take maximum advantage of the marketing campaign, the marketers of Gap 360 will participate in student and job fairs, educational trade shows and sporting events attracting large number of youth audience. During the participation in events, the marketers will be responsible to increase the knowledge of the students about the business and its services and educate them how they can avail the services. Before implementing a marketing campaign, a pilot marketing campaign will be launched in order to determine the probable outcomes of the actual marketing plan. In this manner, it will also become easier for the marketers to determine the response rate that the actual marketing campaign should and will accomplish by the end of the marketing campaign. The tenure of the marketing campaign stretch from January 2014 to December 2016, but the budget mentioned is for the first year and additional budgetary requirements will be communicated to the senior management of Gap 360 on yearly basis. As marketers, the aim of planning, developing and execution of the marketing campaign is to increase the knowledge of target audience about the services and credibility of Gap 360. The secondary

Community Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Community Nursing - Essay Example The plan proposes various measures that would promote good health in a wider sense. There are various strengths that are highlighted and areas where improvements need to be made and all these seeks to have a health promotion program that will become a success. The teaching program is to be initiated in a community where there are elderly people and individuals who are unable to take care of their health or those who have no health insurance. This teaching program would ensure that the members of the community are well endowed with the information they need in order to make them responsible for their own health. The project also addresses the kind of engagements that would lead to the actual learning process taking place and the very important tools that would be needed for this project to be a success. Key among the things outlined in the plan is the resources that would be needed for this kind of a venture just for the purpose of having a process that is above board. In conclusion, the plan addresses the objectives and aims of this teaching program and what would be achieved after such a noble course. Epidemiology Rationale for the Topic The problem of lifestyle diseases has been a major concern for the community in Georgia. Diabetes has been the leading illness in the lifestyle diseases with obesity being a key concern. ... As for the lifestyle diseases, the elderly had cancer as a big challenge to those aged 65 and above. Diabetes was found to be a serious challenge affecting everyone across the board; the old people to younger people. Obesity among the young people and smoking habits was a major cause of diabetes among the young people. For these urgent care had to be initiated to help those already affected and those who are likely to be affected. Statistics from the health superintendent of the Georgia center for disease control and prevention in the state of Georgia has provided very shocking results about people who are affected by the lifestyle diseases like diabetes (Stroup & Teutsch, 1998). The results showed that: 35% of the adults in old age had diabetes. 40% of the young adults had diabetes 33% of the teens were diabetic and had obesity with heart complications 40% of those above the age of 65 years had cancer disease 50% of those in old age around 75 years had heart disease Evaluation of Te aching Experience The experience of teaching in the community was an interesting affair that really opened my eyes to various possibilities. At first, I thought that the experience was going to be a tough one and I was very nervous at some point, as I did not know what was going to be about my teaching experience. My experience in the community and having to interact with different groups of people was one that remained painted in my mind for the longest time ever. The fear of the unknown once again caught up with me in an unprecedented manner as I prepared myself for the teaching exercise. The responsibilities which I was to teach the people on the benefits of primary prevention or health promotion, and I knew it was not going to be an easy task even though I

Sales proposal to Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sales proposal to Apple Inc - Essay Example I am the marketing manager at Amazon and I am writing on my behalf of my team. The purpose of this proposal is to offer you an opportunity into venturing into bed time stories for kids via our iPhone application.The world is advancing rapidly and no one knows that better than the geniuses at Apple. Every young should have access to all kinds of fun and exciting reading. ‘Bedtime Stories for Kids’ would be an I-phone based application that we propose to make; It will have the best literature for all children of all ages and would be made in the most user-friendly way for the parents to read out to their children via iPhone. It will be a very colorful application that would be specifically designed by Darren Smith, the famous children’s illustrator. It will contain very intriguing black and white drawings, pictures from famous artists in the children world and various other illustrations. It will also comprise of fascinating stories, fairy tales, myths, legends, hum or stories, fiction and accounts on lives of great men and women. It would be the most ideal application for parents who are too busy to go to book stores to fetch books for their children. They can cash in on this application and read it aloud to youngsters and children. The most amazing part of the offer is that, we are willing to make the entire application free of cost and willing to allocate 30 % of the revenue from the sale of stores to Apple. As this is only an application, there will be no shipping and other storage costs. We will also take care of the marketing of our application. This proposal will deal with other raw facts about Amazon and how we plan to go about marketing the application. Amazon.com is stationed in the United States. It is a multi-national electronic commerce company. Its headquarters are based in Seattle, Washington. Currently, it is America’s biggest online retailer. Its sales are three times the Internet a sale of Staples, Inc. Amazon was found in 1994 by Jeff Bezos. He launched it online in 1995. The company’s first name was Caracara Inc. Amazon’s name was very strategically chosen. It was chosen in conjunction with Amazon River. It is the largest river in the world, and begins with the letter â€Å"a†. Amazon.com hit off as an online bookstore. However they soon diversified their portfolio and ventured into selling DVDS, CDs, and MP3 downloads software’s, games, electronics, food, toys, furniture and apparel. They started spreading out from United States and established bases in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan and China. Amazon’s business strategies: Amazon built its competitive edge on three core strategies. These were: 1. Cost Leadership 2. Customer differentiation 3. Focus Under its cost leadership strategy Amazon has stood out by offering rock-bottom prices. It provides good quality products at low prices. Its prices can’t be matched by its competitors. Th is makes it an obvious choice for customers. Under the second strategy, Amazon offers current and prospective customers differentiation via convenience. It is one of the largest e-stores at the moment. Its product assortment is huge. It capitalizes on its huge product assortment, fast and efficient delivery and efficient services. It has focused on 4 primary areas for its focus strategy. These include the 1. Product focus. 2. Customer focus 3. Technology focus 4. Distribution focus As mentioned before, Amazon has a huge product assortment. Its product assortment has always attracted customers. Technology has always been central to Amazon’s business. It is an e-commerce business, a virtual market place, where every transaction is done online. For the iPhone application we will focus on cost leadership and a customer focus strategy for the Children’s book application. Amazon’s E-marketing Strategy for the application: Amazon plans to ensure that it offers lowest p rices for most of the popular stories that it would be offering in the application.

Tax Incident Essay Example for Free

Tax Incident Essay Government generally collect taxes to generate revenue and question arise here is that after imposition of taxation, which group will bear the tax burden. After implementation of tax, there would be the division of tax burden between byres and sellers which is known as tax incidence. Tax incidence is linked to the price elasticity of demand and supply. If supply is more elastic than demand then the tax burden falls upon the buyers and when the demand is more elastic than supply then the producers will bear the cost of the tax. Tax incidence is basically the analysis of the effect of taxation on the distribution of economic welfare. Tax incidence expose that which group either consumer or producer is going to pay the price of new tax and it falls mostly on the group that has the inelastic price quantity or respond least to the price. Tax incidence or the tax burden does not depend on that where the revenue is collected but it depends upon the elasticity of demand and supply. The purpose of this review on the literature is that to analyze the effect of particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare. Section 2 is related to the literature review and section 3 is related to the conclusion. 2. Review of Literature 2.1 The incidence of sin taxes: Kotakorpi (2008) has examined the incidence of taxation on sin commodities. Sin commodities are those commodities whose current consumption causes utility cost in the future. Consumers are considered to be time inconsistent or having too much consumption of unhealthy goods. Sin taxes means taxes on unhealthy commodities. In the context of monetary cost sin taxes would lead to influence the individual’s utility. Increase in the consumption of sin commodities would lead to a higher monetary cost or higher utility benefit from self controlling. The author has analyzed the welfare effect of the sin taxes and the welfare effect of sin taxes depends upon the elasticity of demand. The individuals with less income group having higher elasticity of demand as compare to the high income group. There is possibility of progressive taxation as the benefit is high for the less income group. He has measure the incidence on individual utility through the overall impact of the tax. Sin taxes would lead to increase the welfare if the demand for  the unhealthy good is more elastic. For the case of poor demand is more elastic so the burden of sin taxes falls least on the poor as compare to the rich. It’s not necessary that taxation always hurts low income group but can be fair for the poor. The welfare of the economy would increases in case of sin taxes. 2.2 The incidence of tax on pure rent in a small open economy: Petrucci (2006) has investigate the effects of a land tax on capital structure and foreign investment in a life cycle small open economy with the assumption that labor supply is take as endogenous. Land is an as asset which is used as an input for the production. Tax on land means the higher would be the capital stock. The land tax leads to reduce the price of land but crowds out investment, consumption and welfare of nationals would increase. The consequences of land taxation depends upon that how government adopted the tax transfer program. Labor supply and domestic output reduced by land taxation, while the wealth and national income are increased. If land taxation were used to finance the un-productive government expenditure then the effects of taxation on the capital stock and aggregate wealth would be neutral. The main assumption of this article is the endogenous labor supply regarding the long run incidence of taxes. The final effects of land taxation on economic growth and wealth formation depend upon that the government tax transfer program. When tax revenues are distributed as lump-sum payments then the land taxation increases consumption and stimulate wealth but leads to reduce the capital stock. 2.3 Tax incidence in bargaining: Chae (2002) has investigates two-person bargaining model where one party is taxed and the other is non-taxed party who shares the burden of taxes. Sufficient condition is that tax party would entirely bears the tax burden are given and non-tax party would actually to benefit from taxation is given. In a competitive market, buyers and sellers share the tax burden and the larger burden falling on the party that has lower price elasticity. In a bargaining model, if the gross revenue of the tax party does not change then the taxation does not affect the other party. Thus the tax burden will falls completely on tax party. If the tax party is risk neutral and has zero opportunity cost then the burden of taxation falls completely on the tax party. If the tax party is risk averse with the constant relative risk  aversion, then the tax burden is shared by the non-tax party as initial wealth is also positive. The results show here that a risk loving party loses more form taxation than the ri sk averse party. In general, a bargaining party that is less risk averse has more bargaining power but the party with more bargaining power can also be more at risk to taxation. 2.4 The general equilibrium incidence of environmental taxes: Fullertton (2007) used a simple general equilibrium with pollution and has found the incidence of pollution tax on prices of outputs and on the returns to inputs. When both sectors are equally capital intensive and capital is a better substitute for pollution then is labor. Then return to capital would rise comparative to wage. These results provide evidence that the substitutability of capital and labor has very important consequences for environmental policy. The results show that a 10% increase in the pollution tax rate reduces pollution from 2% to 10%. The model in this paper provides theoretical analysis of the incidence and distributional effects of environmental policy. It shows that how differential substitution between factors greatly effect the burdens of a pollution tax. Environmental taxation has mostly focused on efficiency effects. This paper provides theoretical general equilibrium model of tax incidence of an environmental tax that allows for general forms of substitution among inputs of labor, capital and pollution. Pollution is modeled as an input along with capital and labor. Environmental policies can have important effects on firms’ demands for capital and labor inputs, which can impact the returns to owners of capital and labor in general equilibrium. 2.5 The tax system incidence on unemployment: A country specific analysis for the OECD economies: Ramon et.al (2008) examines the incidence of different tax structure on unemployment in OECD countries through wage bargaining model. The first important result from the analysis is that fiscal wedge does not play an important role in explaining unemployment. The more the payroll taxes are influenced towards the employees, the higher would be the unemployment. This is due to the higher elasticity of taxes impose on workers so that tax components affect unemployment even when the overall fiscal wedge remains unchanged. As unemployment determination is considered, supply side determinants (productivity growth) positively related to the  unemployment determination but negatively related with demand side determinants (inflation). This suggests that high situation of unemployment persistence may tend to require more structural reforms. If changes in the tax composition that leave the overall amount of revenues unchanged are harmless in terms of unemployment persistence then new possibilities for policy makers can be considered. 2.6 Tax and subsidy incidence equivalence theories: experimental evidence from competitive markets: Ruffle (2005) stated that tax burden does not depend upon that where revenue is collected but the division of tax burden between buyers and sellers only depend upon the elasticity of supply and demand. The theory of tax incidence equivalence is strongly related to the market formation and also enlarges to the subsidies. The benefit of the subsidy is not related to the one that who is in fact getting the subsidy. Basically, government should charge tax to decrease the agreement costs and it should not to leave the restrictive producers at disadvantages. In the competitive equilibrium market, particular shifts of supply and demand curves are considered to analyze the tax and subsidy equivalence theorems. Both the smaller no of markets and sufficiently large no of markets can trade profitably at the competitive price. The results propose that the discussion topic is that who is paying the tax or receiving the subsidy should pay attention on formation that at what degree market is under the competition level. And if the market is competitive then the tax should be manage in a manner that reduces the expenditure cost. 2.7 Tax incidence under oligopoly: a comparison of policy approaches: Hamilton (1999) examined the tax incidence under the oligopolistic market structure. Basically two forms of commodity taxation considered are the unit (or specific) tax and sales (or ad valorem) tax. The author has incorporated the shift parameters in a generalized tax schedule to analyze the incidence of taxation under oligopoly. Greater industry output and increased output per firm is associated with output elastic schedule. If there is a case of free entry in oligopoly then there would be the larger reduction in industry fix cost relative to the tax schedule that is less responsive to the equilibrium level of output. Taxation under oligopoly, benefit would be  increased with revenue neutral reforms to relatively output elastic tax plan. The results of other studies show that with specific or ad valorem taxation leads to efficiency loss in oligopolistic industries with a fix number of firms. Degressive taxes with both specific tax and ad volarem tax leads to efficiency gain, when the tax output is elastic enough. 2.8 The incidence of income tax on wages and labour supply: Bingley and lanot (2002) has analyzed the determination of equilibrium and labor supply in the presence of income taxes. They found the strong evidence of fractional shifting of income tax from worker to employer. As tax is not fully shifted if the income tax is incident on equilibrium wage. There is not shifting of burden of taxation as labor supply response to wages is measured. And the labor supply elasticity with respect to wage is very small after income taxation. Higher income tax leads to a higher employment. In the article, the author showed the effect of income tax on gross wages and labor supply wage elasticity. The incidence of taxation on gross earnings is a mix of labor supply and gross wage responses. In this model the author has chosen the Denmark country. In Denmark, income tax varies regionally as workers pay tax according to where they live rather than where they work. The result shows that the, in Denmark, gross earnings bear less than the full burden of labor taxation and gross wages bear proportionately more of that tax burden. The results shows, by ignoring the labor supply response to a tax change may lead to a wrong conclusion that the tax is fully incident on equilibrium earnings. 2.9 The incidence of personal income taxation: evidence from the tax reform act of 1986: D. kubik (2004) examined in this paper about the short run incidence of personal income taxation in US by analyzing that how wage structure shifted after the tax reform act of 1986. In this analyses pre tax wages and income of workers are endogenously determined through tax policy. Workers of an economy with different skills, the pre tax wage of each skill depend upon the quantity of labor supplied. Basically, the purpose of the paper is that whether changes in personal income tax affect the US wage formation through the evidence from the tax reform act of 1986. Firstly, the author has tested that how marginal tax rate of the median worker in  each occupation changed due to the tax reform and then tested the wages of workers in each occupation before and after 1986. Personal income taxation changes through the tax reform act of 1986 have affected the wage distribution and results shows that the legislation has lowered the marginal tax rate of high income individuals but low income individuals relatively unaffected. If the training and potential earnings of the people are quite similar then the tax reform act of 1986 will affected the people in the same way. High skill workers in a profession earns high incomes leads to a sharp decline in marginal tax rate but on the other hand low income individuals faced minor changes in marginal tax rate. The result depends on the assumption that labor supply decisions are affected by the marginal tax rate. Labor supply decision changes as individuals change their work hour decision or can cause a worker to drop the profession. Wage rate were affected by the shifts of workers supply in the labor market due to the tax reform 1986. 2.10 Tax incidence when individuals are time-inconsistent: the case of cigarette excise tax: Gruber and Koszegi (2004) stated that lower income groups consume much of the unhealthy or sin commodities to which excise tax is imposed in a greater proportion as compare to the higher income level. There is negative relationship between income and part of income which is spending on sin commodities. For example the imposition of tax on gasoline would be fall on the low income level and their utilities would be affected after increase in taxes. In this model consumers are considered to be time inconsistent in their consumption decision. In the model author has considered the smoking decision which is more appropriate in time inconsistent structure. The basic purpose of the incidence analysis is to determine that who is going to bear the tax through different tax policies and the adequate measure for this analysis is utility. Bad commodities such as smoking have been under discussion among policy makers and academics. The important point here is that tax on harmful addictive commodities is equal to the external cost and such taxes are highly regressive. Conclusion Government basically collects taxes to generate revenues the important thing  is that through which procedure it is being collected and who is going to bear the larger part of tax. After implementation of tax what would be the effect of tax on the welfare of the economy. Redistribution of income can be increased through taxation. Employment can be increased through labor income taxation. Welfare of the economy can be increased through sin taxes. Taxation on the unhealthy commodities leads to increase the welfare of the economy. References: Bingley, Paul and Lanot, Gauthier (2002), The incidence of income tax on wages and labour supply†, â€Å"Journal of public econmics†, vol: 83, page 173-194 Chae, Suchan (2002), â€Å"Tax incidence with bargaining†, â€Å"Economics Letters†. Vol: 77, page 199-204 Fullerton, Don and Heutel, Garth â€Å"The general equilibrium incidence of environmental taxes†, â€Å"journal of public economics†, vol: 91, page 571-591 Garcà ­a, Josà © Ramà ³n and Sala Hector, (2008), â€Å"The tax system incidence on unemployment: A country-specific analysis for the OECD economies†, â€Å"Economic Modelling† Gruber, Jonathan and Koszegi, Botond (2004), Tax incidence when individuals are time-inconsistent: the case of cigarette excise taxes†,† Journal of public economics†, vol: 88, page 1959-1987 Hamilton, Stephen F. (1999), â€Å"Tax incidence under oligopoly: a comparison of policy approaches†, â€Å"Journal of public economics†, vol: 71, page 233-245 Kotakorpi, Kaisa (2008), â€Å"The incidence of sin taxes†, â€Å"Economics Letters† vol: 98, page 95-99 Kubik, D. Jeffrey (2004), â€Å"The incidence of personal income taxation: evidence from the tax reform act of 1986†, â€Å"Journal of public economics†, vol: 88, page 1567-1588 Petrucci, Alberto (2006), â€Å"The incidence of a tax on pure rent in a small open economy†, â€Å"Journal of public economics†, vol: 90, page 921-933 Ruffle J.Bradley (2005), â€Å"Tax and subsidy incidence equivalence theories: experimental evidence from competitive markets†, â€Å"Journal of public economics†, vol: 89, page 1519-1542